Written by Angel Morgan, PhD

As you are a member of IASD, and reading DreamTime, there is bound to be a powerful and possibly life-changing association you have with Stephen LaBerge, PhD. Perhaps you were a part of his seminal work with lucid dreaming research at Stanford University or read about it in fascination as an inspired young student.

Perhaps you experienced his early lucid dreaming devices such as the DreamLight or NovaDreamer, collaborated with him in a research project or writing project, or maybe you attended one or more of his Lucidity Institute retreats in Hawaii. Some of you passionately continue to explore and innovate on the trail of his lucid dreaming research legacy, and some of you feel more inspired by his spiritual approach to lucid dreaming and consciousness studies. Possibly you rely, or have relied, on one or more of his lucid dreaming induction techniques.

Perchance you have read some of his books, such as Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming, or Lucid Dreaming: A Concise Guide to Awakening in Your Dreams and in Your Life, or you refer to his chapters that explore how lucid dreaming sheds light on the nature of consciousness in your own work or in courses you teach.

Some of you may have discovered his plethora of contributions to the field of lucid dreaming and consciousness studies very recently, and some may have recently discovered you share an interest in dream improvisation or, in my case, lucid dream drama.

Certainly, many of you know him as a co-founder, having served on the Founding Committee of this wonderful organization we now call IASD.

At the IASD 39th Annual Conference in Tucson, Arizona, we were able to experience Dr. Stephen LaBerge's keynote, Anagnostic Oneirony: Dreaming and Awakening. After his talk, I invited Dr. LaBerge to sit down for something special. He then began to realize he was about to receive an IASD Lifetime Achievement Award from IASD President Michelle Carr, as a very moving tribute video with 30-second snippets from friends and colleagues influenced and inspired by his work began to unfold. The video was masterfully edited by Karen Konkoly, and appreciated by the audience, as well as Dr. LaBerge, who received his award glowingly. Thank you, Dr. LaBerge, for all the myriad of ways you have blessed IASD, lucid dreaming research, and consciousness studies—and many thanks to all of the IASD members involved behind the scenes, for helping us keep his award a surprise!

Written by David Kahn

Based on decades of research, including the significance of color in dreams and dream language as metaphor, Bob has written and contributed numerous well-received articles in peer-reviewed journals, as well as authoring important books such as Dream Language: Self-Understanding Through Imagery and Color, and co-editing Dreams That Change Our Lives, among others.

Bob finds time to promote and advance dream studies and dreamwork through radio interviews, lectures, and workshops all over the world, just as he has for the last 40 years. These include the Haden Institute, where he is a faculty trainer.

If that's not enough, Bob is a past President and past Treasurer. As Treasurer, he even saved IASD from bankruptcy. Bob is also the founder and director of the DreamScience Foundation, which, together with IASD, provides funding for dream research. What else can this guy do?

As annual Conference Director, his job is not only to make sure the conference happens and runs smoothly, but that it's profitable for IASD, too. He finds time to double- and triple-check that all presentations and workshops are reviewed, and creates a complex schedule that includes as many as six or seven tracks. Nothing could stop this guy—well, except a worldwide pandemic!

Bob is also a super family man, with a wonderful wife, Lynne; two daughters, Kristen and Melanie; a son-in-law; and grandchildren.

As you know, today Bob serves as a Director of IASD and as advisor to the Executive Committee. He continues to study, research, write, and work long hours. He inspires others to meet his vision for IASD. Why else do you think I'm 87 and still working? I can't stop until he does!

No one is more deserving of this award than Bob. Thank you from everyone at IASD for all your hard work, contributions, guidance, and friendship. You truly are superhuman.

Congratulations on receiving an award you had no part in organizing.

From the 2012 Lifetime Achievement Award introduction to three of IASD's founders

Within IASD, through the years, Gayle has presented at IASD conferences, written for our IASD publications, and been a visible and vocal proponent of IASD and its goals. More importantly, she has changed the understanding of dreams and dreamwork in the world community.

Gayle graduated from Princeton University and received a doctorate in clinical psychology from Union Graduate School. She also studied at the C. G. Jung Institute in Switzerland, is fluent in English, French, and Italian, and teaches dreamwork in the US and abroad.

In the early 1980s, Gayle joined Dr. Loma Flowers in opening the Delaney & Flowers Dream Center in San Francisco. Her Dream Interview Method of interpretation became a classic. Who doesn't remember, “I'm from Mars. What is a sword? Describe it for me…” Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar, but now describe a sword in words that an alien would understand. We ourselves are often the aliens in our dream worlds.

Gayle has authored seven books, including the bestseller Living Your Dreams, which sparked modern interest in dream incubation in 1980. It was a practical book and guide to help dreamers learn how to discover their dreams' meanings and messages. Her other books are All About Dreams; In Your Dreams: Falling, Flying, and Other Dream Themes (notice that all three honorees have focused on themes); Sensual Dreaming: How to Understand Erotic Content in Your Dreams; Breakthrough Dreaming: How to Tap the Power of Your 24-Hour Mind; and The Dream Kit.

Gayle has appeared on hundreds of popular shows and productions, is an expert figure skater, and is a charismatic woman who serves as a rich resource for a sleeping public, awakening them to the value of their dreams.

From the 2012 Lifetime Achievement Award introduction to three of IASD's founders

Within IASD, through the years, Jeremy has presented at IASD conferences, written for our IASD publications, and been a visible and vocal proponent of IASD and its goals. More importantly, he has changed the understanding of dreams and dreamwork in the world community.

Jeremy Taylor is an ordained Unitarian Universalist minister with a Doctor of Ministry degree (DMin) from the University of Creation Spirituality and an honorary Doctor of Sacred Theology (STD) from Starr King School for the Ministry. He has taught at schools and seminaries of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley for over 30 years, and also teaches at other colleges and universities, not only in California, such as the Haden Institute in North Carolina, but some as far away as South Korea. In recent years he has enlightened dreamworkers in Canada, Mexico, Australia, England, and Peru.

Jeremy was an early proponent of projective dreamwork, the “If it were my dream” approach, or as Jeremy might say, “In my imagined version of the dream…” He is the author of four books, Dream Work being the one that in 1983 provided me with a template for founding a dream group, the Metro DC Dream Community. His latest book is an updated version of that, titled The Wisdom of Your Dreams: Using Dreams to Tap into Your Unconscious and Transform Your Life. His other earlier books are The Living Labyrinth: Universal Themes in Myths, Dreams, and the Symbolism of Waking Life and Where People Fly and Water Runs Uphill.

Jeremy spreads the good news about dreams throughout the media and is a frequent guest on TV and radio, as well as online, such as hosting AOL's innovative dreamwork show. As a powerful advocate for social justice, Jeremy has also inspired others with his lifetime practice of boldly putting his ideas out front, using dreams as a tool not only for personal understanding and growth, but also for outreach to those who are marginalized in our society. Jeremy is also a media favorite, a published poet, a prize-winning screenplay writer, an artist, and a cartoonist.

From the 2012 Lifetime Achievement Award introduction to three of IASD's founders

Within IASD, through the years, Patricia has presented at IASD conferences, written for our IASD publications, and been a visible and vocal proponent of IASD and its goals. More importantly, she has changed the understanding of dreams and dreamwork in the world community.

At her mother's suggestion, Patricia began recording her dreams as a young girl, and now has a personal collection of literally thousands of dreams. Is it any wonder that this early interest in dreams would lead her to earn a PhD in clinical psychology from Temple University in Philadelphia? She taught psychology at several universities on the East and West Coasts, and is still teaching today: a course called Lifelong Dreaming, for seniors at Dominican University in San Rafael, California.

Patricia is also the best-selling author of twelve books, of which her first, Creative Dreaming, published in 1974, is still so popular that it has been translated into 14 languages. Some of her other books are The Healing Power of Dreams; The Universal Dream Key: The 12 Most Common Dream Themes Around the World; The Dream Messenger: How Dreams of the Departed Bring Healing Gifts; Women's Bodies, Women's Dreams; Your Child's Dreams; and The Dream Book: A Young Person's Guide to Understanding Dreams. This book received the 2002 Children's Media Award sponsored by Parents' Guide to Children's Media. A companion to that book, Dream Catcher: A Young Person's Journal for Exploring Dreams, provides a guide for children 8 to 10 years old.

Patricia is a frequent guest on many major national and international radio, TV, and online venues. She is also an artist and a poet, ever graceful and elegant, and ever gracious and willing to share her dream wisdom.

In his own words

I have had the opportunity to spend 48 years of my academic career involved in dream research. I came out of the Army in 1960 and joined the NIMH-funded dream research group at the University of Cincinnati, where I had had my psychiatric residency. The group was led by Roy Whitman and was utilizing EEG techniques to identify REM sleep and recover dreams. In 1962, I published my first dream paper, “Which Dream Does the Patient Tell?” It was in this context that I had my grounding in dream research with Whitman, Bill Baldridge, and Paul Ornstein.

I was working at the Cincinnati VA Hospital as my department job, and in 1963 got VA support to open a sleep/dream lab at the hospital. We did work confirming the reliability of the Hall–Van de Castle scales applied to laboratory-collected dreams, and collecting the data that was the base for the mood regulatory theory of sleep and dreams. I held an NIMH-supported conference in 1967, which I published in 1969 as Dream Psychology and the New Biology of Dreaming. I invited all the people whose work I had been reading: Aaron Beck, Walter Bonime, Roz Cartwright, Bill Domhoff, Harry Fiss, Calvin Hall, Dave Hawkins, Richard Jones, Robert Langs, Carl Meier, William Offenkrantz, Harold Sampson, Edith Sheppard, Fred Snyder, Charles Tart, Harry Trosman, Monte Ullman, Bob Van de Castle, and Hy Witkin. Many of them became close professional colleagues and friends.

It became clear that without a standardized, reliable scoring system for dream content analogous to the Rechtschaffen/Kales manual for sleep, progress in the scientific study of dreaming would not be possible. We discussed this with colleagues at the 10th annual meeting of the Sleep Society (APSS) in Santa Fe and were discouraged from such an effort as premature by Al Rechtschaffen. This led to Carolyn Winget and me writing a book on quantitative approaches to dreaming, including descriptions of some 130 scales and a tabular summary of the quantitative dream literature. We published it as Dimensions of the Dream in 1979 with the help of David Foulkes.

It was in 1986 that Gayle Delaney approached me to see if I would be interested in becoming President of the newly formed Association for the Study of Dreams. My efforts through the Sleep Society to encourage more presentations on dreams had not led to greater productivity, although dream reports were over-represented on the program, as not much was being submitted. I accepted Gayle's offer and served as President from 1987–88. It put me in touch with people like Gayle, Loma Flowers, and dream workers such as Rita Dwyer. It has been an experience that opened my eyes to the incredible impact that the intimacy of dream sharing could and does have. To see the magic of a Gene Gendlin, Gayle, and others make contact with a stranger through exploring the dream makes the entire experience worthwhile. On the more traditional side, spending time with so many wonderful Canadian dream researchers, like the late Al Moffitt, with whom in 1993 I edited The Functions of Dreaming, Don Kuiken, Tore Nielsen, and others, was exciting. Canada is where the study of dreams has found a home.

I was pleased that those of us interested in the disciplinary base for dream researchers had a national organization in ASD. Then, happily, SUNY Press started a dream book series and asked Bob Van de Castle to be its editor. What was needed was a journal to complete the necessary triad, and that came to fruition with the start of Dreaming, with Ernie Hartmann as its first editor. An academic career was possible with dreams as one's topic area.

In 2007 I published a summation of my work, The Dream Experience, which led me back through the work I did and vividly recalled for me the people who stimulated and encouraged me. Currently I am working with the former Director of the Psychoanalytic Institute at the New York Medical College, Buddy Glucksman. We have published work on dreams reflecting who benefited from therapy and the frequency of emotions in dreams. We are currently looking at the dreams of his patients to see if their initial problems are age-related. The future for me in dream research remains uncertain, as does so much when you are 79. But the promise is in the work and in my colleagues.

Ernest Hartmann, MD, was Professor of Psychiatry at the Tufts University School of Medicine, Director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Newton-Wellesley Hospital, and author of nine books and about 325 articles in professional journals. His book Dreams and Nightmares: The New Theory (1998, Plenum; revised paperback, 2002, Perseus, New York) was written for nonprofessionals as well as professionals.

In brief, his theory held that dream imagery pictures the emotion of the dreamer, and that the intensity of the central imagery is a measure of the power of the underlying emotion. The theory was based on a great deal of research, especially on dreams after trauma, and a systematic study of dreams before and after September 11, 2001, supported it.

Ernest Hartmann was also a Past President of IASD, and the first Editor-in-Chief of IASD's journal, Dreaming. In Ernest Hartmann's words, “IASD is a fascinating multidisciplinary, multifaceted, multi-everything organization.”

Stanley Krippner took an interest in dreams at an early age, and still has a collection of dream reports from his high school days.

While a student at the University of Wisconsin, he recalls one comment about dreams from his introductory psychology class. The instructor stated, “Dreaming in color is a symptom of schizophrenia.” Stan and his friends were alarmed because they all recalled dreaming in color! The year was 1953, a few years after the University of Chicago research on REMs and dream reports had been published, so there was no excuse for such an ill-informed statement.

Stan received his PhD from Northwestern University, where he was exposed to Freudian and Jungian concepts of dreams and dreaming (but in the School of Education, not in the Department of Psychology). He taught at Kent State University for three years and then received an invitation from Montague Ullman to direct the Dream Laboratory at Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn.

Stan jumped at the opportunity, even after knowing that a dozen more highly qualified psychologists had turned down the offer because it lacked job security. Indeed, the grant Ullman had received to study anomalous dreams was only for three years. Ullman, Stan, and their colleagues were able to stretch out the funding for a decade, publishing over 100 articles based on their research, as well as a monograph (Dream Studies and Telepathy) and a book (Dream Telepathy).

In addition, Stan has edited Dreamtime and Dreamwork, co-edited DreamScaping, and co-authored Dreamworking and Extraordinary Dreams. While at Maimonides, Stan directed some of the first research studies on dreams reported during pregnancy and dream reports of male-to-female transsexuals.

When the funds finally ran out, Stan moved to California, where he became Alan Watts Professor of Psychology at Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center. He supervised several dissertations on the topic of dreams and designed a course, “The Psychoneurology of Dreams and Dreaming,” as well as helping to create a certificate program on dream studies. Over the years, Stan has given dream workshops in a dozen countries; his collection of dream reports from some of these workshops has allowed him to study gender differences in dreams, specifically in Argentina, Brazil, and England, as well as the United States.

With Allan Combs, Stan has published several articles on chaos theory and self-organization in dreaming, and he has written several articles for IASD's journal Dreaming, one of them on Native American models of dreaming. He has served as President of the International Association for the Study of Dreams, and in 2006 received that organization's Lifetime Achievement Award.

Montague Ullman, MD · September 9, 1916 – June 7, 2008

Monte Ullman died in 2008, before he was able to complete his personal reflections for this page. The following tribute to this giant among dreamers comes from his archived IASD Members Page.

Montague Ullman was born into a world where dreams were the realm of psychoanalysts. But he departed this world having empowered individuals with the tools to safely work with their own dreams.

Monte became an MD and psychoanalyst, but even then he followed a nontraditional path. While at Maimonides Medical Center as Director of the Department of Psychiatry, he and Stanley Krippner did groundbreaking research into telepathy in dreams, which is detailed in their book Dream Telepathy, first published in 1973.

In 1974, after more than a decade at Maimonides, he resigned his position to teach psychoanalytic candidates in Sweden. His approach to teaching, which gravitated toward the culturalist wing of psychoanalytic thought based on the contributions of Sullivan, Fromm, Horney, and Kardiner, led him to begin experiential dream work. His challenge was to emphasize the art of dream work rather than the clinical nature of an ongoing therapeutic relationship. His group process evolved over the next 18 months, with the safety features and discovery strategies built into the process from the beginning.

Although the group process started in a psychoanalytic setting, it didn't stay there long. He was invited to do a series of workshops at the Volvo plant in Gothenburg and soon began running lay as well as professional dream groups. His process consists of a number of distinct stages and substages, one of which is where group members take the dream and talk about it as if it were their own: the familiar “If it were my dream” projections. Other parts of his process include the dreamer's response, a search for context, playback of the dream, and orchestrating projections. The process is detailed for dream group leaders in his book Appreciating Dreams.

Monte continued returning to Sweden for more than two decades, during which time his work spread throughout the country and the Swedish Dream Group Forum was formed. He also pursued teaching experiential group dream work in the U.S., where he often referred to himself jokingly as “a recovering psychoanalyst.” He frequently said, “Whisper dreams in my ear and I'll follow you anywhere.” People whispered… and Monte followed, leading experiential dream groups around the world for many years.

The year 1974 was significant for another reason. That fall Monte attended a Conference of Scientists with J. Krishnamurti and David Bohm at Brockwood Park, where he presented a paper on the transformation process in dreams. Monte developed the concept of a connection between the mystery of dreaming consciousness and Bohm's approach to still-unsettled issues in quantum theory, which he pursued passionately until his death.

Monte was a Charter Fellow of the American Academy of Psychoanalysts, a Life Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, past president of the Society of Medical Psychoanalysts, and a past president of the American Society for Psychical Research. He authored over 80 professional papers and several books. Dream Appreciation, the quarterly newsletter he published from 1996 to 2002, allowed him to share new thoughts and insights in a more informal way than refereed journals. There he introduced the concept that dream group members are “midwives to the dream” and wrote a series on “dreams and art,” which was inspired by The Actors Studio.

In 2006 the International Association for the Study of Dreams presented him with a Lifetime Achievement Award for his research and contributions to the field of dreams.

The titles and publications and awards only begin to do justice to a man who passionately committed his life to making dreams more socially acceptable and accessible. He believed that dreams are a tool not just for personal change but for social change, and that dreams help us get in touch with our interconnectedness with others and all that exists. He further believed that dreams are part of our “survival kit” not only as individuals, but with a greater goal in mind, namely survival of the species to which we belong.

Always a modest man, he was surprised at the IASD award and the overwhelming audience response to his talk. He didn't realize how many lives he had touched, including mine—or how many people came to understand their dreams through his gentle process. He was a great thinker, a friend and mentor to many, and a true leader in the grassroots dream movement.

We have lost a great luminary, but his light is shining in another dimension's field of dreams.

Submitted July 1, 2008, by Wendy Pannier on behalf of IASD

More History

Dr. Ullman's career spanned an early period in the practice of neurology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis, followed by a transition to community psychiatry and the directorship of the Department of Psychiatry at the Maimonides Medical Center. He resigned in 1974 and, since then, was engaged in extending dream work into the community.

Founder and director of the first fully operational community mental health center in New York City, at the Maimonides Medical Center in 1967, he also initiated one of the first sleep laboratories in New York City, at Maimonides Medical Center in 1961: a laboratory devoted to the experimental study of dreams and telepathy.

In more recent years Dr. Ullman was at the forefront of the movement to stimulate public interest in dreams and to encourage the development of dream-sharing groups. Working with a small group process that he felt was both safe and effective, he spent three decades leading such groups both here and abroad, especially in Sweden. There is now an organization in Sweden, the Dream Group Forum (Drömgruppsforum), formed in 1990 and devoted to training others in this approach.

Dr. Ullman was past president of the Society of Medical Psychoanalysts, a Charter Fellow of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, past president of the American Society for Psychical Research, past president of the Parapsychological Association, and a Life Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. He also served as Clinical Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University.

Dr. Ullman received his BS degree from the College of the City of New York in 1935 and graduated from the New York University College of Medicine in 1938. Following the completion of his training in neurology and psychiatry, he entered private practice in 1946 after returning from military service. He completed his psychoanalytic training at the New York Medical College, where he served on the psychoanalytic faculty for twelve years, starting in 1950. In the sixties Dr. Ullman was engaged in psychosomatic research in dermatology at the Skin and Cancer Unit of Bellevue Hospital, and was associated with the Bellevue Stroke Study over a period of four years.

Dr. Ullman wrote numerous papers on the neurophysiological, clinical, and social aspects of dreams. He is the author of Behavioral Changes in Patients with Strokes (Charles C. Thomas) and Appreciating Dreams (Sage); co-author of several books, including Dream Telepathy (McFarland) and Working with Dreams (J. P. Tarcher); and co-editor of the Handbook of States of Consciousness (Van Nostrand Reinhold) and The Variety of Dream Experience (2nd edition, State University of New York Press).

In his own words

Among my most tangible contributions to the field of dreams and dreaming, I would consider my publications to be my primary achievements. The Content Analysis of Dreams, co-authored with Calvin Hall (Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1966), became a standard reference book and a “how-to-do-it” manual for investigators wishing to examine dream content in a quantitative fashion that could be statistically evaluated. This system has been utilized in hundreds of subsequent studies, despite an assessment by an early review from a University of Chicago dream researcher that “It seems most unlikely that the Hall-Van de Castle system would be adopted carte blanche by anyone.” [Contemporary Psychology, 1967, p. 607]

A survey chapter entitled “The Psychology of Dreaming” appeared in a loose-leaf compiled textbook published by General Learning Press in 1971. A greatly expanded version, over 500 pages in length, entitled Our Dreaming Mind (Ballantine Books, 1994), became a widely used textbook for classroom teaching. It covered a vast range of dream topics, including the history of dreams and a review of dream theories and research findings. This book was described as a “landmark” by Monte Ullman, a “masterpiece” by Henry Reed, a “superb compilation” by Jayne Gackenbach, and a “sweeping compilation unsurpassed in the literature for its scope” by Stan Krippner. It was so popular a book that it became an Alternate for the Book of the Month Club and the choice of the month for the Quality Paperback Book Club. Having the authorship of this book recognized on my epitaph is something I have seriously considered, and I am currently planning on updating this book with a different publisher.

I have also published articles and book chapters covering a considerable range of dreaming topics, such as sexual dreams, dreams of angelic figures, chronological factors associated with dreams of animal figures, and various topics involving paranormal dreams. Since 1991, I have served as the advisory editor for the State University of New York Press SUNY Series in Dream Studies. To date, 13 titles have appeared and two more are currently in preparation.

Another contribution of which I am very proud is my effort to develop IASD as an organization that represents a “rainbow coalition” of dreamers from around the world. I was honored to give the invited address at the first annual international ASD conference, a weekend event held in San Francisco in 1984, and accompanied this with an extensive slide show presentation. When I was given the opportunity to become the next ASD president and host the almost week-long second annual ASD conference at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville in 1985, I introduced several new features that have become sort of “boilerplate” standards for subsequent conferences. One was an opportunity to participate in dream workshops led by experts. Others were to view a gallery of dream-inspired art, to participate in a Dream Ball where different costume classifications were judged, to enter a Dream Telepathy contest modeled on the classic Maimonides protocol, and to attend a post-conference session on lucid dreaming. Special efforts were made there to encourage media coverage so that the public could become better informed about the exciting new findings being introduced at our conference.

I have attended and presented papers at most of the subsequent conferences throughout the years, including those in Holland and Denmark. At the Montreal conference in 2008, I presented several papers, oversaw the telepathy contest with Rita Dwyer, served as MC for the Dream Ball, and was interviewed for two one-hour TV shows. By a show of hands from those attending a panel on aging and dream recall, I realized I was the oldest member in attendance at age 80.

I have always felt that trying to familiarize the public with the fascinating realm of dreams was important if we ever hoped to gain wider respect for our field. At various times, I have discussed dreams on such national TV shows as Phil Donahue, Barbara Walters, David Letterman, Tom Snyder, and Mike Douglas. I have also presented at two special weekend programs involving dreams hosted by Rita Dwyer at the Smithsonian Institution, spoke on the Voice of America radio show, and had articles appearing in prominent newspapers such as The Washington Post and USA Today, and in a wide variety of popular magazines, such as Psychology Today, Ladies' Home Journal, etc. I also co-published the “grassroots” Dream Network Bulletin for 18 months with Henry Reed. I have offered talks and workshops on dreams in Belgium, Canada, Latvia, Mexico, and Russia.

In a different context, Henry Reed and I also pioneered our Dream Helper Ceremony, in which a group of dreamers attempt to assist a designated “target person” with an undisclosed emotional problem through their combined telepathic dreaming efforts. Over many years, the “target persons” have quite consistently expressed extremely favorable reactions to this procedure and stated that the dreamers had correctly identified significant personal information that had not been overtly disclosed to any of the “dream helpers.”

I consider that I have made a contribution to the area of paranormal dreaming by continually emphasizing in many venues that a substantive database has accumulated to confirm the existence of paranormal dreaming. I have been fortunate to have personally had the opportunity to participate as a dreaming subject in four sleep laboratory studies investigating the possible evidence for psi dreaming. The first experience was at the Institute of Dream Research in Miami, Florida, directed by Calvin Hall. I was also extensively studied at Maimonides Hospital in Brooklyn, New York, by Stanley Krippner and Montague Ullman. I also served as a subject in my own sleep laboratory at the University of Virginia Medical Center. The results I achieved under these carefully controlled laboratory conditions, and during some nights at the University of Wyoming where David Foulkes was the investigator, were so personally impressive to me that I felt I was scientifically obligated to attempt to publicize them as widely as I could, establishing a new paradigm for evaluating the parameters of the dreaming experience.